复旦大学2012年博士英语真题​

复旦大学2012年博士英语真题

 资料来源：《考博英语真题解析》，河北大学出版社，2013年版，育明考试研究院研发

Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1. It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ____ way the store was organized.

2. Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people; balmy year-round weather; and truly ____cuisine.

3. If she is stupid, she’s ____ pleasant to look at.

4. The mother was ____ with grief when she heard that her child was dead.

5. In your teens, peer-group friendships may ____ from parents as the major influence on you.

6. Parents often faced the ____ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.

7. There have been demonstrations on the streets ____ the recent terrorist attack.

8. Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly _____ access to necessary care.

资料来源：《考博英语真题解析》，河北大学出版社，2013年版，育明考试研究院研发

9. It has been proposed by many linguists that human language _____, our biologically programmed ability to use language, is still not well defined and understood.

10. Western medicine, ____ science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.

11. When I asked if a black politician could win in France, however, he responded _____: “No, conditions are different here.”

12. The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively ____ by the use of humor.

13. In both America and Europe, it is ____ to tip the waiter or waitress anywhere from 10% to 20%.

14. Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps ____ rigid departmental boundaries.

15. As a teenager, I was ____ by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life.

16. His originality as a composer is ____ by the following group of songs.

17. They are going to London, but their _____ destination is Rome.

18. The poor old man was _____ with diabetes and without proper treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.

19. The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to _____ the marriage.

20. Join said that the richer countries of the world should make a _____ effort to help the poorer countries.

21. The problem is inherent and _____ in any democracy, but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government, politics and politicians.

22. As is known to all, _____ commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.

23. It would be _____ to think that this could solve all the area’s problems straight away.

24. It is surprising that such an innocent-looking man should have ____ such a crime.

25. Humans are ____, which enables them to make decisions even when they can’t justify why.

26. More than 100 ____ cats that used to roam the streets in a Chinese province have now been collected and organized into a tram to fight rodents that are destroying crops.

27. To say that his resignation was a shock would be an _____ — it caused panic.

28. Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher, aiming at truth, must not ____ the seduction of trying to write beautifully.

29. I found the subject very difficult, and at one time thought I should have to give it up, but you directions are so clear and ____ that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pretty, though wanting in the tender grace of yours.

30. They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them, dusted for fingerprints, took pictures and tried to ____ what could have happened.

Part II: Reading Comprehension (40%)

Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of --50,000. The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizer's excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "useful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the "useless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally "priceless". Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's, this new view of childhood spread through-out society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo. For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of children's productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty) were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children's worth. Yet "expulsion of children from the 'cash nexus’ …”

Although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures," Zelizer maintains, "was also part of a cultural process of 'sacralization' of children's lives." Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.

In stressing the cultural determinants of a child's worth. Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new "sociological economics," who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual "preferences", these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their "exchange" or "surrender" value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.