资料来源：《考博英语真题解析》育明教育出品，北外夏衍教授主编
更多考博资讯、资料获取、考博课程QQ：547063862 电话：153-1148-1034
针对北京地区院校的考博开设的辅导课程包括：专业课小班课程·一对一课程·视频班·定向保录班·复试保过班。欢迎你的加入，为自己的考博成功打下坚实的基础。育明教育考博分校致力于北京地区高校的考博英语及专业课课程辅导，辅导学员人数及辅导成绩连续多年稳居第一。根植育明学校深厚的高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研考博成功的基础保障。
Passage 4
Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt change the brain I understood some of the parallels between hyper-palatable foods and drugs of abuses, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. I'd met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how even the thought of food could, cause them to lose control.
But I wasn't fully prepared for the discoveries I made about irresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked Cheetos Flamin' Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells.
I was sitting at Chili's Grill & Bar in Chicago's O'Hare Airport waiting for a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heaped with food. The dish was described on the menu as "smoked chicken, black beans, corn, jalapeno Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla," and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce; despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach.
I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She held the egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to her mouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companions French fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused only a little lettuce was left.
Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And she would probably have been sensed to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were.
The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percent to about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. "The tortilla is really going to absorb a lot of fat," he said. "It looks like an egg roll is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside." The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. "Cooked white meat chicken, binder added, smoke flavor. People like smoky flavor — it's the caveman in them."
"There's green stuff in there," he said, noting the spinach. "That makes me feel like I'm eating something healthy."
"Shredded Monterey Jack Cheese... The increase in per-capita consumption of cheese is off the chart."
The hot peppers, he said, "add a little spices but not too much to kill everything else off." He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients the hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast exact, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar.
"This is highly processed?” I asked.
"Absolutely, yes. All of these has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast..., chopped up and made ultra-palatable... Very appealing looking, very big pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew."
By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. "When you're eating these things, you've had 500, 600, 800, 900 calorie before you know it," said the consultant. “Literally before you know it.” Refined food simply melts in the mouth.
36. It can be inferred from the author's description of the woman eating in paragraph four that ________.
A. the woman prefers to eat at Chili's VS other restaurants.
B. the woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.
C. the woman's efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience.
D. the author is disgusted by the woman's consumption.
37. According to the passage, the main reason why people overeat is that ________.
A. salt and sweeteners, like corn syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.
B. we don't have to chew our food very much
C. people like smoky flavor
D. sugar, fat and salt change the brain
38. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT ________.
A. | dark meat chicken | B. | salt | C. | binders | D. | honey |
39. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?
A. If you eat too much food too quickly, you'll gain weight and become unhealthy.
B. Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware of the poor food choices they're making.
C. Chili's is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today.
D. Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.
40. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word "vigor" most nearly means ________.
A. | pleasure | B. | flamboyance | C. | lethargy | D. | energy |
参考答案：
36. 选D。作者提到的女人吃相难看，从侧面可以看出（Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently）。文中并未提到女人喜欢在哪吃东西，排除A。文中提到女人不知道自己所吃东西的成分（And she would probably have been surprised to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were）因此也不可能真正意义上的挑选食物，排除B。女人吃的太快，肯定没有提升她的品味能力，排除C。
37. 选B。文中最后一段提到了新技术让食品不需咀嚼，导致我们不知不觉就吃得太多。
38 . 选A。盐和糖作为蛋卷的食材在第六段已经提到，第七段提到的食材则是binders和white meat chicken，
39. 选B。文章主要讲的是refined food，因此A所讲范围太大，排除。C选项的Chili's文中一处地点，范围太小。D选项文中并未提及。，
40. 选D。vigor指活力，能量，与energy意思相近。flamboyance指炫耀；lethargy指无精打采；pleasure指快乐，满足。