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阅读理解：Passage 3
Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.
Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.
Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.
As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” of something else.
The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
61. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.
B. Teaching and research are contradictory.
C. Research can never be emphasized too much.
D. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.
62. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ________.
A. research improves the quality of teaching
B. students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors
C. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough
D. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively
63. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.
B. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.
C. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.
D. The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research.
64. The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do ________.
A. | scientific research | B. | teaching | C. | field work | D. | investigation |
65. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5) refers to ________.
A. raising the status of teaching
B. the separation of teaching from research
C. the combination of teaching with research
D. improving the status of research
Passage 4
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.
66. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ________.
A. rely on their financial resources
B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people we know
D. depend on the population as a whole for finance
67. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ________.
A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
B. raised by the selling of shares in the companies
C. exchanges for part ownership in the stock exchange
D. invested in different companies on the stock exchange
68. When the savers want their money back they ________.
A. ask another company to obtain their money for them
B. look for other people to borrow money from
C. put their shares in the company back on the market
D. transfer their money to a more successful company
69. All the essential services on which we depend are ________.
A. run by the government or our local authorities.
B. in constant need of financial support.
C. financed wholly by rates and taxes.
D. unable to provide for the needs of the population.
70. The stock exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and nationalized industries ________.
A. to borrow as much money as they wish
B. to make certain everybody saves money
C. to raise money to finance new developments
D. to make certain everybody lends money to them
部分参考答案：
61. 选A。从第一段最后一句There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships可知，作者认为最近的报道中教研之间相互矛盾（contradict each other）的说法有一定道理，但却忽视了教研之间更深层的关系。因此可以说，最近的报道把教研之间的关系简单化了（simplified）。
62. 选D。从第三段前两句可知，研究性学校更看重“研”而非“教”是因为对教学质量很难进行客观评估（Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching）。
63. 选C。作者在这一段强调，教研结合虽难，但却至关重要（the combination is difficult but vital），若教研分家，科学家培养必然受到影响。只重研究显然是错误的，排除A。教研结合虽然难，但却是可能的，排除D。从Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels这句可知，对于培养科学家而言，小学阶段和大学甚至研究生阶段都是同样重要的，排除B。
64. 选B。原句The title of professor should be given only to those who profess的profess指传授。
65. 选B。原文的problem 即指代的是上句中的separate teaching and research。
66. 选D。文章开头提到，大公司需要从大众那里集资，而小公司亦是如此，因此光靠公司本身财力是不够的，排除A。银行乐意提供给公司的是短期贷款（may agree to provide short-term finance），故排除B。而从朋友和认识的人那里借钱是不靠谱的（There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know），排除C。